CYBER CRIME

Dalam tugas Laporan Akhir Pada LAB INTERNET DASAR ini saya akan memberikan penjelasan tentang Cyber Crime. Arti dari Cyber Crime itu sendiri adalah tindak kejahatan yang dilakukan di dunia maya atau internet dengan menggunakan komputer atau jaringan komputer sebagai alat, sasaran atau tempat terjadinya kejahatan dimana tindakan tersebut dapat merugikan orang lain. Dalam hal ini saya akan lebih membahas salah satu contoh dari tindakan cyber crime, yaitu “CARDING”.

 “CARDING” Secara bahasa, carding berarti “pengkartuan”. Carding adalah suatu tindakan dimana si pelaku mencuri informasi kartu kredit dari sang korban. Kok bisa? Tentu. Seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan toko online, maka perkembangan belanja dan transaksi online meningkat pula. Dan itu berarti, pembayaran tidak bisa dilakukan secara langsung. Melalui rekening pun sulit jika dilakukan antar negara. Satu-satunya jalan adalah lewat kartu kredit. Nah, inilah masalahnya karena ketika pembayaran berlangsung, data dan informasi kartu kredit dapat disadap oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab.

       Jadi menurut saya, kegiatan dalam pembelian atau transaksi online dengan kartu kredit ini kurang efektif karena dari beberapa pihak yang melakukan transaksi, kurangnya ada tatap muka antara penjual dan pembeli ini sehingga di khawatirkan adanya penipuan. Jadi saran saya sebaiknya apabila ingin melakukan pembelian secara online harus lebih teliti, dan berbelanjalah ditoko yang sudah terpercaya.

Beberapa langkah penting yang harus dilakukan setiap negara dalam penanggulangan cybercrime adalah:

1. Meningkatkan sistem pengamanan jaringan komputer nasional sesuai standar internasional
2. Meningkatkan pemahaman serta keahlian aparatur penegak hukum mengenai upaya pencegahan, investigasi dan penuntutan perkara-perkara yang berhubungan dengan cybercrime
3. Meningkatkan kesadaran warga negara mengenai masalah cybercrime serta pentingnya mencegah kejahatan tersebut terjadi.

http://asianfann.blogspot.com/2010/09/macam-macam-kejahatan-didunia-maya.html

NAMA : ARI PRABOWO
KELAS : 1EA02
NPM : 11211078

Modal Auxiliaries

AUXILIARY	USES	EXAMPLE
May	1.      Polite request	May I borrow your dictionary?
	2.      Formal permission	The minister made the comments in response to media reports that Australia may allow the US government to use Cocos Islands for a spyplane base.
	3.      Less than 50% certainty	The philippines is offering the United States greater access to its airfields and may open new areas for soldiers to use, as the Pacific country seeks stronger military ties with its closest ally; moves likely to further raise tensions with China.
Might	1.      Less than 50% certainty	After you play a midweek game in the Champions League, there’s always a concern that you might have a little hangover for the weekend game,”said Di Mateo.
	2.      Polite request (rare)	He said voters might be confused by having to take in all the information on different candidates from different parties running for governor, mayor and district head.
Should	1.      Advisability	“Often, one election influences other elections,“ he said.“this is a psychological problem for voters. voters should be able to vote differently.”
	2.      90% certainty	"the president should be confident that he has authority and he should not be afraid of the political configuration,"the analyst said.
Ought to	1.      Advisability	You ought to be able to vote differently.
	2.      90% certainty	You ought to diligent to get best score.
Had better	1.      Advisability with threat of bad result	You had better take care of your family before something unexpected happens.
Be supposed to	1.      Expectation	It is really interesting to learn that event a really big problem like the mudflow in Sidoarjo, which displaced more than 30,000 peopole, can be turned into a political transaction between the ruling party and the one who was supposed to be responsible...
Be to	1.      Strong expectation	Health authorities expect the area to be free of the parasitic disease in five years' time
Must	1.      Strong necessity	“Employers and workers and labors unions must work together to create harmonious, democratic and equal relationships,”the minister said.
	2.      Prohibition (negative)	“Both sides must be on the same page on how to create a good industrial relationship that can increase productivity, attract investment and most of all avoid layoffs.”
	3.      95% certainty	I know that some parts of the country have unique cultures, such as Bali and Papua. Nevertheless, we think that we must set universal criteria to be implemented in all parts of the archipelago.
Have to	1.      Necessity	“They are government officials. Although they are appointed in direct elections, they still have to comply with the government’s policies because Indonesia is a Unitarian country, not a federal state.”said political analyst Siti Zuhro of the Indonesian Institute of sciences (LIPI).
	2.      Lack of necessity (negative)	When asked if China was also discussing the offer to base personel or planes in the Seychelles, Mr. Liu said: “I have not heard of this. on this issue china's position is clear. china has never set up military bases in other countries.”
Have got to	1.      Necessity	You have got to be his girlfriend, haven’t you?
Will	1.      100% certainty	“Simultaenos elections will results in a certain level of complexity,” he said.
	2.      Willingness
	3.      Polite request	Will you go to the movie with me?
Be going to	1.      100% certainty	The fuel crisis in the area has prevented hundreds of fishermen from going to sea over the past few days.
	2.      Definite plan	“It’s an Indonesian brand but we’re also going to develop and market it to other countries, “irwan said.
Can	1.      Ability/possibility	Electoral disputes can also pile up, he said, and cause a backlog at the Constitutional Court in Jakarta, which has the authority to handle them, resulting in delayed decisions.
	2.      Informal permission
	3.      Informal polite request	Can arroyo’s fall end dirty politics?
	4.      Impossibility (negative only)	Students cannot function as a national conscience.
Could	1.      Past ability	Simultaneous elections for heads of region could be the answer.
	2.      Polite request	He also said simultaneous local elections could see more electoral disputes having to be settled by the Constitutional Court at the same time.
	3.      Suggestion	But he added that these problems could be anticipated and prevented with better supervision and law enforcement.
	4.      Less than 50% certainty
	5.      Impossibility (negative only)	However, he said he could not yet put a figure, on the amount of funds they could save from the use of alternative energy.
Be able to	1.      Ability	“Often, one election influences other elections,“ he said.“this is a psychological problem for voters. voters should be able to vote differently.”
Would	1.      Polite request	Hey, would you like to come to my sister’s wedding?
	2.      Preference	He added that the district health office would carry out routine monitoring of the residents of sebakung Jaya village and surrounding areas to track the progress of the filariasis outbreak.
	3.      Repeated action in the past
Used to	1.      Repeated action in the past	The interest is also used to cover some of the accommodation fees because, for example, the House of Representatifves only approves an amount of 3,150 Saudi riyal ($840) per pilgrim.
Shall	1.      Polite request to make a suggestion	We shall not open the door because they will enter?
	2.      Future with “I” or “We” as subject	“Well, we shall soon see if that is true”

Conditional Sentence

NAMA : ARI PRABOWO
KELAS : 1EA02
NPM : 11211078

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Conditional sentence is a phrase used to express supposition of an event that has not happened, or even impossible. Conditionals has several forms that represent different forms of time, in other words, the form of conditional sentence will depend on the assumed form of the event.

Conditional Sentences Type 1

Used to reveal the event / events / employment may still occur in
the present or future.

                                                                                                        
Conditional’s patterns:

 

 Example :

1.      You will get great mark if you study hard.

(You must study hard, then you will get great mark)

2.      If Rina invites me, I will come to her party.

(I will glad to come to Rina party when she invites me)

3.      If I have much money, I will buy this car.

(When I have much money, I buy that car)

4.      If it’s sunny, we’ll go to the park.

(When the weather is sunny, we go to the park) 
5. Beni will be sad if Intan leaves.

(When Intan leaves, Beni will be sad)

2. Conditional Sentences Type 2

Used to reveal the event / events / employment impossible.

Conditional’s patterns :

   


Example:

1.      I would call her if I knew her phone number.

Fact: I don’t know her phone number, so I don’t call her.

2.      If I were Superman, I would fly to meet her.

Fact: I am not Superman, so I can’t fly to meet her.

3.      If I went to campus earlier, I would not be late.

Fact: I am late because I don’t go to campus earlier.

4.      If I studied hard, I would get the best score on the test.

Fact: I don’t study hard so I don’t get the best score on the test.

5.      My mom would call me if I got home late.

Fact: My mom doesn’t call me because I come home on time.

3. Conditional Sentences Type 3

Used to reveal the event / events / jobs are not likely to occur or contrary to the situation in the past. 

conditional's patterns :

Example :

1.      My Uncle would have come to my house, if he had not been very busy.
Fact : My Uncle was very busy, so he did'nt come to my house.

2.      If had not been very busy, i could have come to your house.
Fact : I was very busy, so i couldn't come to your house.

3.      If I had had much time, I would have played game.

Fact: I didn’t have much time, so I didn’t play game.

4.      Our team would have been happy, If I had made a home run.

Fact: Our team didn’t be happy, because I didn’t make a home run.

5.      My parents would have been proud of me, if I had got the best score.

Fact: My parents didn’t be proud of me, because I didn’t get the best score.